Thyroid Gland

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What is thyroid?

Thyroid is a butterfly shaped gland in the neck , infront of the windpipe.

  • It produces 2 hormones
  • Tri- iodididthyronine (t3).
  • Thyroxine (t4).
  • This gland is regulated by 2 other glands .
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Any detect / imbalance at any of these 3 levels can present as thyroid disease .

  • This thyroid gland can be
  • Over-reactive (hyperthyroidism ) .
  • Under reactive (hypothyroidism)

These are 2 main thyroid related disorders along with some others .

Disorder like thyroiditis , goitre and a lot more .

It can even lead to thyroid cancer .

Thyroid hormones have several functions .

  • Maintain bodys metabolic rate
  • Maintain body weight & temperature .
  • Maintain heart rate & blood pressure .
  • Maintain mental alertress .
  • Growth & development of child .
  • Reproductive cycles .

THYROID DISEASES .

HYPERTHYROIDISM

It's a state of increased basal metabolic rate .

This is an autoimmune disorder which has a familial history.

CAUSES:-

  • Family history .
  • Thyroid nodules.
  • Thyroiditis
  • In several cases it could be post partum . (After giving birth to a baby)
  • Pregnancy

SYMPTOMS :-

  • Muscle weakness
  • Trembling hands
  • Rapid heartbeat
  • Fatigue
  • Weight loss
  • Weight
  • Family history
  • Irritability and anxiety
  • Vision problems (irritated eyes or difficulty seeing)
  • Menstrual irregularities
  • Intolerance to heat and increased sweating
  • Infertility

HYPOTHYROIDISM :-

It's a state of increased basal metabolic rate .

CAUSES :
  • Hashimoto's disease .
  • Certain drugs .
  • Over treatment of hyperthyroidism .
  • Pregnancy.
SYMPTOMS :
  • Fatigue
  • Mental depression
  • Poor memory
  • Sluggishness
  • Feeling cold
  • Weight gain
  • Dry skin and hair
  • Constipation
  • Menstrual irregularities

Both these conditions if left untreated can lead to severe emergency condition & may need hospitalisation .

Hyperthyroidism if left untreated can laed thyrotoxicosis .

Hypothyroidism if untreated can lead to myxoedema coma .

THYROID NODULE / CANCER .

Any other mid line swelling of neack i. E. Of thyroid gland needs to examined and should not be neglected .

These swelling of lumps are known as thyroid nodules which in most cases are non cancerous but in few cases it may turn cancerous .

There are several modalities to make a diagnosis I. E. USG, FNAC , PET-CT, Thyroid Scan .

Kindly look for a doctor at this stage for a better diagnosis and reduce the related complications .

THYROID DISEASES IN PREGNANCY

These thyroid disorders in pregnant females can cause several fetal complications and can even cause fetal thyroid disease (congenital thyoid disease).